LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AS LIVED PRACTICE: AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF FOUNDING AND LEADING A VOLUNTEER-BASED HIGH SCHOOL CLUB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2026.432466Keywords:
AI in Education, Autoethnography, Qualitative Analysis, Reflective Practice, Youth Leadership, Club VolunteeringAbstract
This autoethnographic study, grounded in theories of identity formation and experiential learning, examines how founding and leading a volunteer-oriented school club shaped my leadership development. Drawing on my experience as founder of an Astronomy Club, I analyze one year of weekly reflective journal entries documenting the challenges and insights of coordinating peer learning and community engagement. Using an inductive approach that combined manual thematic analysis with AI-assisted pattern recognition via QualiGPT, I conducted a human-AI co-analytic process to surface patterns across the journal entries. In this study, QualiGPT functioned solely as a methodological support tool (not the object of analysis), helping to enhance the visibility of recurring ideas while all interpretation remained grounded in the journal data. The findings reveal that leadership evolves not through authority but through empathy, shared responsibility and reflective practice. Volunteering and club participation create spaces where personal passion aligns with community service, shaping leadership through reflective practice, shared responsibility and sustained participation. This study contributes to emerging discussions on reflective pedagogy and the use of AI in qualitative research, demonstrating how self-initiated service experiences cultivate grounded, collaborative and digitally literate student leaders.
References
Aguilar-Cruz, P. J., & Salas-Pilco, S. Z. (2025). Teachers’ perceptions of artificial intelligence in Colombia: AI technological access, AI teacher professional development and AI ethical awareness. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 34(2), 219–238.
Atay, A. (2020). What is Cyber or Digital Autoethnography? International Review of Qualitative Research, 13(3), 267–279.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1940844720934373
Bano, M., Zowghi, D., & Whittle, J. (2024). AI and Human Reasoning: Qualitative Research in the Age of Large Language Models. AI Ethics Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.47289/AIEJ20240122
Burns, S., Saltis, H., Hendriks, J., Tohotoa, J., & Pollard, C. (2025). Volunteer Experiences of a School‐Based Volunteer Program. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 36(2), e956. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.956
Doloriert, C., & Sambrook, S. (2012). Organisational autoethnography. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 1(1), 83–95.
https://doi.org/10.1108/20466741211220688
Enns, J., Brownell, M., Katz, A., Nickel, N., & Nie, Y. (2018). Is Participation in Out-of-School Programs Linked to Students’ Health, Educational and Social Outcomes? International Journal of Population Data Science, 3(4).
https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.707
Fadhilah Hamid, S., Isnaniah, & Agus Mulyana. (2022). Assisting The Formation of English Club Extracurricular Activities at Garuda Junior High School. International Journal Of Community Service, 2(1), 115–124.
https://doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v2i1.70
Genua, J. A. (2021). The Relationship Between the Grading of Reflective Journals and Student Honesty in Reflective Journal Writing. Nursing Education Perspectives, 42(4), 227–231.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000826
Grigoryan, T. (2018). Investigating digital native female learners’ attitudes towards paperless language learning. Research in Learning Technology, 26(0). https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.1937
Grigoryan, T. (2024). Tutorial Booking and Tracking Application Interactivity: A Multimodal Social Semiotic Analysis Framework. SFU Educational Review, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.21810/sfuer.v16i1.6666
Henderson, A., Brown, S. D., & Pancer, S. M. (2019). Curriculum requirements and subsequent civic engagement: Is there a difference between ‘forced’ and ‘free’ community service? The British Journal of Sociology, 70(4), 1297–1322.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12627
Kerekes, J. (2020). The Role of Extracurricular Activities within Children’s Palaces and Clubs in the Development Of Key Competences. Educatia 21, (18), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.24193/ed21.2020.18.15
Knifsend, C. A., & Graham, S. (2012). Too Much of a Good Thing? How Breadth of Extracurricular Participation Relates to School-Related Affect and Academic Outcomes During Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(3), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9737-4
Kosonen, P., & Ikonen, M. (2023). Studying trust in the leader by co-produced autoethnography: An organizational esthetics approach. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 12(1), 88–104.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-04-2021-0020
Lee, V. V., Van Der Lubbe, S. C. C., Goh, L. H., & Valderas, J. M. (2024). Harnessing ChatGPT for Thematic Analysis: Are We Ready? Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e54974.
McFadden, A., & Smeaton, K. (2017). Amplifying Student Learning through Volunteering. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 14(3).
https://doi.org/10.53761/1.14.3.6
Motia, M. (2021). A gift for our peace of mind: Volunteering with immigrants through the lens of autoethnography. Social Work in Mental Health, 19(4), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2021.1915443
Neil, J. (2019). Creating Spaces for Reflection with Digital Autoethnography: Students as Researchers into Their Own Practices. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 38(4), 823–831.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12268
Orel, M. (2024). Autoethnography in the modern workplace: A reflexive journey. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 13(2), 144–160.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-06-2023-0038
Pittaway, L. A., Gazzard, J., Shore, A., & Williamson, T. (2015). Student clubs: Experiences in entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 27(3–4), 127–153.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1014865
Pjanić, K., Nikšić, E., & Nesimović, S. (2021). EFFECTS OF SPORTS AND MATHEMATICS EXTRACURRICULAR AND CLUB ACTIVITIES ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF MIDDLE SCHOOL PUPILS. Anthropologie, 59(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.26720/anthro.20.01.29.1
Posklinsky, I. (2025). Autoethnography: A person-centered approach to unraveling modern career mobility. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 14(3), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOE-09-2024-0066
Pusztai, G., Fényes, H., & Markos, V. (2021). The effect of volunteering and voluntary group membership on student’s persistence. Heliyon, 7(9), e07900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07900
Rentier, E. S. (2025). To use or not to use: Exploring the ethical implications of using generative AI in academic writing. AI and Ethics, 5(3), 3421–3425.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00649-6
Riouch, A., Benamar, S., Ezzeri, H., & Cherqi, N. (2025). Post-COVID Environmental Education in Morocco: School Clubs as Drivers of Student Engagement and Sustained Self-Reported Sustainable Practices. International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education, 7(2), 119–134.
https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v7i2.303
Sanusi, I. T., Martin, F., Ma, R., Gonzales, J. E., Mahipal, V., Oyelere, S. S., Suhonen, J., & Tukiainen, M. (2024). AI MyData: Fostering Middle School Students’ Engagement with Machine Learning through an Ethics-Infused AI Curriculum. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 24(4), 1–37.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3702242
Senabre Hidalgo, E., & Greshake Tzovaras, B. (2023). “One button in my pocket instead of the smartphone”: A methodological assemblage connecting self-research and autoethnography in a digital disengagement study. Methodological Innovations, 16(2), 149–162.
https://doi.org/10.1177/20597991231161093
Simms, J., Trad, A. M., Woolf, J., & Richards, K. A. (2024). Volunteering in an After School Program as a Socialization, Social and Emotional Learning Experience for College Students. Quest, 76(2), 190–206.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2023.2276470
Tan, K. H. (2025). The Epistemological Revolution: Foundations of Fluctuational Epistemology in the Age of Ontological Instability.
https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15870347
Tan, L., Shek, D. T. L., & Li, X. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of a Positive Youth Development Program Using Student Diaries: Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in Mainland China. Applied Research in Quality of Life.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-025-10441-1
Tang, Q., Deng, W., Huang, Y., Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Can Generative Artificial Intelligence be a Good Teaching Assistant?—An Empirical Analysis Based on Generative AI ‐Assisted Teaching. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 41(3), e70027.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.70027
Zhang, H., Wu, C., Xie, J., Kim, C., & Carroll, J. M. (2023). QualiGPT: GPT as an easy-to-use tool for qualitative coding (Version 1). arXiv.
https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.07061
Zhang, H., Wu, C., Xie, J., Rubino, F., Graver, S., Kim, C., Carroll, J. M., & Cai, J. (2024). When Qualitative Research Meets Large Language Model: Exploring the Potential of QualiGPT as a Tool for Qualitative Coding (Version 1). arXiv.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
