CAN HAPPINESS AND RESILIENCE BE CULTIVATED? EVALUATION OF A TEN WEEK PILOT WITHIN A UK HEI

Authors

  • Farrukh Akhtar Senior Lecturer, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
  • Marina Payen Project and Communications Adviser, Directorate for Student Achievement Kingston University, London, United Kingdom

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.52.193211

Keywords:

Happiness, Resilience, Higher Education, Employability and Soft Skills, Health

Abstract

This paper considers whether the traits of happiness and resilience can be cultivated within a higher education institution (HEI) setting. It does this by exploring the development, implementation and evaluation of a ten-week pilot programme carried out on staff and students within a UK university. The programme involved receiving an email every weekday for ten weeks, which covered a range of themes connected with happiness and resilience. Participants were invited to carry out daily reflections and tasks. They also had access to an online discussion page hosted on the University’s virtual learning environment (VLE), called Canvas. Both staff and students across all campuses and directorates were eligible to participate. The results indicated that participants found the structure of the programme helpful and reported greater subjective levels of happiness and resilience as a result of the project. Significance of Research: The research points to the value of HEIs developing quality enhancement measures that contribute to staff and student well-being thereby strengthening their employability and soft skills.

References

Andrews, J. and Higson, H. (2008) Graduate employability, 'soft skills' versus 'hard' business knowledge: A European study (Article) Higher Education in Europe Volume 33, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 411-422 https://doi.org/10.1080/03797720802522627

Barker, C and Martin, B (2009) Dilemmas in teaching happiness. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 6(2) pp 2-14

Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006; 3(2):77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brooks, R., Goldstein, S. (2008) The mindset of teachers capable of fostering resilience in students (Article) Canadian Journal of School Psychology Volume 23, Issue 1, June 2008, Pages 114-126 https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573508316597

Chen, W.C (2012) How Education Enhances Happiness: Comparison of Mediating Factors in Four East Asian Countries. Social Indicators Research, 2012, Vol.106 (1), p.117-131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9798-5

Cheng, J.H.S and Marsh, H.W. (2010) National Student Survey: Are differences between universities and courses reliable and meaningful? Oxford review of Education 36(6) pp693-712 https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2010.491179

Cohn, M.A., Fredrickson, B.L., Brown, S.L, Mikels, J.A., Conway, A.M. (2009) Happiness Unpacked: Positive Emotions Increase Life Satisfaction by Building Resilience (Article) Emotion. Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2009, Pages 361-368 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952

Collini, S (2012) What are Universities for? London. Penguin.

Csikszentmihalyi, M (2014) Flow and the foundations of positive psychology. Springer. Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8

Cunado, J., De Gracia, F.P. (2012) Does Education Affect Happiness? Evidence for Spain. Social Indicators Research, 2012, Vol. 108(1), p.185-196 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9874-x

Diener, E. (1984) Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin. 95(3): 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542

Diener, E. (2000) Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist 55, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34

Elwick, A and Cinnizzaro, S (2017) Happiness in Higher Education. Higher Education Quarterly. Vol 71 No.2 April 2017 pp204-219 https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12121

Fanghanel, J., Pritchard, J., Potter, J., and Wisker, G (2016) Defining and supporting the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL): A sector-wide study. Executive summary. York. Higher Education Academy.

Fave, A.E., Ebrdar, I., Wissing, M.P., Earaujo, U., Solano, A.E., Efreire, T., Ehernández-Pozo, M.D.R., Ejose, P., Emartos, T., Nafstad, H.E., Enakamura, J., Esingh, K., Esoosai-Nathan, L (2016) Lay definitions of happiness across nations: The primacy of inner harmony and relational connectedness. Frontiers in Psychology, January 2016, Vol.7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00030

Fisher, J.W. (2012) Connectedness: At the heart of resiliency and spiritual well-being (Book Chapter) Handbook on Spirituality: Belief Systems, Societal Impact and Roles in Coping February 2012, Pages 265-277

Flynn, D. M. and Macleod, S (2015) Determinants of Happiness in Undergraduate University Students. College Student Journal, 2015, Vol.49 (3), p.452-460

Grant, L and Kinman, G (2013) The importance of emotional resilience for staff and students in the ‘helping’ professions: developing an emotional curriculum. December 2013. HEA.

Grant, L & Kinman, G (2014) Emotional Resilience in the Helping Professions and how it can be Enhanced, Health and Social Care Education, 3:1, 23-34 https://doi.org/10.11120/hsce.2014.00040

Higher Education Academy (2006) Pedagogy for employability Learning and Employability Series 1. The Higher Education Academy, April 2006

Kale, S (1988) Happiness and balance: the neglected facets of higher education. Journal of Thought. Volume 23, part ¾, pp83-104

Keyes, C (2015) Happiness: restoring Purpose to Higher Education. Bringing Theory to Practice, Spring/ Summer, pp. 1-4.

Kessler, R.C., Angermeyer, M., Anthony, J.K., De Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Gasque, I., Unstun, T.B. (2007) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Heakth Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry 6, 168-176.

Koydemir, S., Sun-Selışık, Z.E. (2015) Well-being on campus: testing the effectiveness of an online strengths-based intervention for first year college students. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 17 November 2015, p.1-13

Leppin, A.l., Bora, P.R., Tilburt, J.C., Gionfriddo, M.R., Zeballos-Palacios, Dulohery, M.M., Amit Sood, A., Erwin, P.J., Brito, J.P., Boehmer, K.R., Montori, V.M (2014) The Efficacy of Resiliency Training Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials PLoS ONE 9(10) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111420

Macaskill, A (2013) The mental health of university students in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2013 Vol. 41, No. 4, 426-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2012.743110

Martin, B (2011) On being a happy academic. Australian Universities’ Review Vol 53 No.1 2011 p50-56.

McLoughlin, M (2012) Employability Skills for Planners: A Scoping Report into the Changing Requirements of Planning Employers. August 2012. Higher Education Academy. Available at: https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/employability_skills_for_planners.pdf Accessed on 19.4.17

Molesworth, M., Scullion, R., Nixon, E (2010) The marketisation of higher education. London. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842829

Montgomery, M.M. and Cote, J.E. (2003) College as a transition to adulthood In G.R. Adam and MD Berzonsky (ed) Blackwell Handbook of adolescence (pp 149-172). New York. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756607.ch8

Oishi, s., Graham, J., and Costa Galinha, I (2013) Concepts of happiness across time and cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(5) 559 –577 https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213480042

Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2011). The mental health of students in higher education. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Steel, P.; Schmidt, J.; Shultz, J. (2008). "Refining the relationship between personality and Subjective well-being” Psychological Bulletin. 134 (1): 138–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138

Sood, A (2015) The Mayo Clinic Handbook for Happiness: a four step plan for resilient living. Boston MA. Da Capo Press.

Sood, A., Sharma, S., Schroeder, D.R., Gorman, B (2014) Stress management and Resiliency Training (SMART) Program among Department of Radiology Faculty: A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial. EXPLORE November/December 2014, Vol. 10, No. 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2014.08.002

Thomas, L (2002) Student retention in higher education: the role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy VOL. 17, NO. 4, 423–442 https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930210140257

Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V and Kitayama, S (2004) Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies 5: 223-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-8785-9

Universities UK (2015) Patterns and Trends in UK Higher Education 2015. Available at http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/policy-and-analysis/reports/Documents/2015/patterns-and-trends-2015.pdf Accessed on 4.7.17

Vitterso, J (2004) Subjective well-being versus self-actualisation: using the flow simplex to promote a conceptual clarification of subjective quality of life. Social Indicators Research 65:299–331 2004 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SOCI.0000003910.26194.ef

Wilson, S.M. and Ferch, S.R. (2005) Enhancing resilience in the workplace through the practice of caring relationships. Organization Development Journal; Winter 2005; 23, 4, p.45

Downloads

Published

2019-08-19

How to Cite

Akhtar, F., & Payen, M. (2019). CAN HAPPINESS AND RESILIENCE BE CULTIVATED? EVALUATION OF A TEN WEEK PILOT WITHIN A UK HEI. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.52.193211