USING MODELS TO DEAL WITH HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: A TRAJECTORY TOWARDS EFFECTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN ZIMBABWE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.41.111132Keywords:
Disaster, Disaster Management, Disaster Management Models, Hazards, PractitionersAbstract
The contribution of models in the management of disasters has been less understood by some practitioners. As such, the use of models seems to have been ignored by policy-makers and practitioners when dealing with all forms of disasters in Zimbabwe. Various kinds of hazards and disasters in Zimbabwe, that include droughts, floods, cholera epidemics and veld fires have heavily impacted communities, resulting in the complexity of disaster management that calls for the use of models. This desktop study sought to analyze the contribution of models in managing hazards and disasters in Zimbabwe. The study was based on a qualitative literature survey and document analysis. Through literature and document analysis, the study found that models are crucial in disaster management as they can simplify practitioners’ understanding of hazards and disasters. Models are also a useful and indispensable decision-making support tool as they can assist the practitioners to make appropriate decisions. The study further found that models that are common to the practitioners included the traditional model, expand-contract model, and the disaster crunch model. Furthermore, a close relationship exists between the disaster management models. Most of the models are based on the disaster management phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Since the models play a significant role in the management of hazards and disasters, the study concluded that they are an indispensable tool and a proper trajectory towards managing disaster events in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the study recommends the adoption of the models in the management of all forms of disasters. The significance of this study is in its potential to inform policy and practice. The future scope should focus on the nature of models applicable to selected disaster situations in Zimbabwe.
References
Akdag, S.E. (2002). Mali yapı ve denetim boyutlarıyla afet yönetimi, T.C. Sayıstay Yayınları,
First edition: Ankara.
ADPC. (2000). Community based disaster management (CBDM): Trainer's guide, module 4: Disaster Management. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC). Bangkok, Thailand.
Albtoush, R., Dobrescu, R. & Ionescou, F. (2011). A hierarchical model for emergency management systems. U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, 73 (2):53-62.
Alexander, D. (1997). The study of natural disasters, 1977-1997: Some reflections on a changing field of knowledge. Disasters, 21(4): 284-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00064
Anderskov, C. (2004). Anthropology and disaster: An analysis of current trends within anthropological disaster research, and an attempt to construct an approach that facilitates theory building and applied practices: Analysed with vantage point in a case study from the flood-prone Mutarara District in Mozambique. MA. Thesis, Department of Ethnography and Cultural Anthropology, University of Aarhus.
Anderson-Berry, L. (2003). Community vulnerability to tropical cyclones: Cairns, 1996–2000. Natural Hazards, 30(2): 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026170401823
Asghar, S., Alahakoon, D. & Churilov, L. (2006). A comprehensive conceptual model for disaster management. Journal of Humanitarian Assistance, 1360(222):1-15.
Atmanand, R. (2003). Insurance and disaster management: The Indian context. Disaster Prevention and Management, 12(4):286–304. Baas, S., Ramasamy, S., DePryck, J.D. & Battista, F. (2008). Disaster risk management analysis: A guide book. FAO: Rome.
Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. & Wisner, B. (1994). At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge: London.
Cannon, T. (2004). At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters". Proceedings of the CENAT Conference, Switzerland 28 November - 3 December, 2004.
Caymaz, E., Akyon, V.F. & Erenel, F. (2013). A model proposal for efficient disaster management: the Turkish sample. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99: 609 – 618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.531
Chaminuka, N. & Dube, E. (2017). ‘Urban agriculture as a food security strategy for urban dwellers: a case study of Mkoba residents in the city of Gweru, Zimbabwe’, PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), pp. 26 – 45. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.2645
Coburn, A.W., Spence, R.J.S. & Pomonis, A. (1994). Disaster mitigation, 2nd edn. Cambridge Architectural Research: Cambridge.
Cutter, S.L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate et al. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. University of South Carolina: SC.
Cyr, F.St. (2005). At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability, and disasters. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 2(2), Art 4. Retrieved 6 November 2016, from https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1131
Das, P. & Das, A. (2017). Environmental vulnerabilities index formulation in fragile ecosystem of the Indian Sundarbans. MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 3(1), 36 – 58. https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/Mijst.2017.31.3658
DPLG-2. (1998). Green paper on disaster management: chapter 2 and 3. Retrieved 12 December 2016, from http://www.local.gov.za/DCD/policydocs/gpdm/gpdm2-3.html.
Dube, E. (2015). Improving disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units in managing veld fires: A case of Mangwe District in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7(1), Art. #143, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.143
Fussel, H.M. (2007). Vulnerability: A generally applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global Environmental Change, 17: 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.05.002
Hai, V.M. & Smyth, I. (2012). The disaster crunch model: guidelines for a gendered approach. Oxfam GB: Oxford.
Heijmans, A. (2001). Vulnerability: A matter of perception. Disaster management working paper 4/2001. Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, University College of London: London.
Hussain, Z. (2013). Disaster and vulnerability from people’s perspective. NIRAPAD Secretariat, 19/13 Babar Road, Mohammadpur: Dhaka.
Joyce, K.E., Wright, K.C., Samsonov, S.V. & Ambrosia, V.G. (2009). Remote sensing and the disaster management cycle. GNS Science, New Zealand. In Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Ed. Gary Jedlovec. InTech Open Access.
Kelly, C. (1998). Simplifying disasters: Developing a model for complex non-linear events. Proceedings of International Conference on Disaster Management: Crisis and Opportunity: Hazard Management and Disaster Preparedness in Australasia and the Pacific Region, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, pp. 25-28, 1-4 November, 1998.
Kieft, J. & Nur, A. (2001). Community-based disaster management: a response to increased risks to disaster with emphasis on forest fires. Retrieved 10 November 2016, from www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC798E/ac798e0e.htm
Kimberly, A. (2003). Disaster preparedness in Virginia Hospital Center-Arlington after Sept 11, 2001. Disaster Management and Response, 1(3): 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1540-2487(03)00048-8
Klein, D.B. & Romero, P.P. (2007). Model building versus theorizing: The Paucity of Theory in the Journal of Economic Theory. Econ Journal Watch, 4(2): 241-71.
Manitoba Health. (2000). Disaster management model for the health sector. Guidelines for program development. Manitoba Health.
Marcus, O. (2005). A conceptual framework for risk reduction. World Conference of Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, 18-22 January 2005.
Moore, M., Trujillo, H.R., Stearns, B.K., Basurtodávila, R. & Evans, D. (2007). Models of relief learning from exemplary practices in international disaster management. RAND Center for Domestic and International Health Security.
Othman, S.H. & Beydoun, D. (2012). Evaluating disaster management knowledge model by using a frequency-based selection technique. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 7457: 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32541-0_2
Patterson, O., Weil, F. & Patel, K. (2009). The role of community in disaster response: Conceptual models. Popul Res Policy Rev, 29:127–141 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-009-9133-x
Paul, J. & Batta, R. (2011). Improving hurricane disaster preparedness: Models for optimal reallocation of hospital capacity. International journal of Operations Research, 10(2): 194-213. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOR.2011.038584
Platt, S. (2015). A decision-making model of disaster resilience and recovery. SECED 2015 Conference: Earthquake Risk and Engineering towards a Resilient World, 9-10 July 2015, Cambridge.
Salazar, G.S. (2015). A strategic needs-based community health administration model for social development and administrative reform: A case study of an urban municipality in the Philippines, PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 2(1), pp.1490-1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2016.s21.14901503
Shrivastava, P. (1992). Bhopal, anatomy of a crisis. 2nd ed., Paul Chapman Publishing: London.
Sillah, R.M. (2015). A call to establish a child-centered disaster management framework in Zimbabwe. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7(1), Art. #148, 7 pages. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.148
Turner II, B.L., Kasperson, R.E., Matson, P., McCarthy, J.J., Corell, R.W., Christensen, L., Eckley, N., Kasperson, J.X., Luers, A., Martello, M.L., Polsky, C., Pulsipher, A. & Schiller, A. (2003). Framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100: 8074–8079. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1231335100
Stetler, C.B. (2001). Updating the Stetler model of research utilization to facilitate evidence-based practice. Nurs Outlook, 49: 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1067/mno.2001.120517
Stetler, C.B. (2010). Stetler model. In J. Rycroft-Malone and T. Bucknall (Eds.), Models and frameworks for implementing evidence-based practice. Wiley Blackwell: Oxford.
Wada, K., Wakigawa, H., Yokomatsu, M. & Takeya, K. (2014). The role of a macro-economic model for disaster risk reduction policy in developing countries. Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 4(1): 12-29. https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2014.0088
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
